![]() Using 49.2° or the rounded‐up value of 50° as a cut‐off point, the inferior facial angle had a sensitivity of 1.0, a specificity of 0.989, a positive predictive value of 0.750 and a negative predictive value of 1.0 to predict retrognathia. All the fetuses with syndromes associated with mandible pathology had inferior facial angle values below the cut‐off value. Consequently, an inferior facial angle value below 49.2° (mean-2 standard deviations) defined retrognathism. ![]() The mean (standard deviation) value of the inferior facial angle was 65.5 (8.13)°. In normal fetuses, the inferior facial angle was constant over the time span studied. Mandible and maxilla widths were measured 10 mm posteriorly to the anterior osteous border. Micrognathia was assessed through the calculation of the mandible width/maxilla width ratio on axial views obtained at the alveolar level. Retrognathia was assessed through the measurement of the inferior facial angle, defined on a mid‐sagittal view, by the crossing of: 1) the line orthogonal to the vertical part of the forehead at the level of the synostosis of the nasal bones (reference line) 2) the line joining the tip of the mentum and the anterior border of the more protruding lip (profile line). Fetuses with Down syndrome ( n = 8) and cleft lip and palate without Pierre Robin sequence or complex ( n = 18) were also studied. The study included normal fetuses and fetuses with syndromes associated with known mandible pathology: Pierre Robin sequence or complex ( n = 8) hemifacial microsomia (Treacher–Collins syndrome, n = 3) postaxial acrofacial dysostosis ( n = 1). Fetuses at 18–28 gestational weeks were examined by two‐ and three‐dimensional ultrasound. ![]()
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